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Standard surgical AVF screening includes assessing for good blood inflow with the brachial artery measuring at least 2 mm in diameter. Good blood outflow should be present with the superficial basilic and/or superficial cephalic vein measuring 2.5 mm in diameter or greater and without a flow limiting central venous stenosis. 13 EndoAVF systems have established additional anatomical options for AV fistula creation; however, patients without a perforator, with known central venous stenosis, or upper extremity venous occlusion on the side of the anticipated AVF are not suitable candidates. Additionally, the procedure is contraindicated for patients with target creation vessels less than 2 mm in diameter. 13 Venous Outflow Vessel mapping begins with assessing venous outflow. Prior to vessel mapping, sonographers place a tourniquet on the patient’s arm ( see Figure 3).

Figure 3 – Placing the Tourniquet

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The goal is to assess, measure, and document superficial cephalic and basilic veins diameter and depth (Table 2).

Table 2 – Upper Arm Cephalic and Basilic Vein Measurement

Source: BD, Bard. WavelinQ™ 4F Vessel Mapping Sheet. BD-12525v2. https://wavelinq.bd.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BD-12525v2-WavelinQ-4F- Vessel-Mapping-Sheet.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2021.